Neurosurgery is the medical specialty dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with disease involving the skull, brain and left brain, spinal cord and spine, and peripheral nerves, especially diseases with potential surgical treatment.

Among others, comprises, the following diseases:
- Tumors of the brain, pituitary, spinal cord and peripheral nerves;
- Strokes and spinal cord injuries - cerebral aneurysms, vascular malformations, some forms of stroke (CVA);
- Traumatic brain injury and spine;
- Degenerative spine - herniated discs, stenotic canals;
- Compressive lesions of peripheral nerves - carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar nerve compression.

The manifestations of these diseases can be varied, which often manifest themselves by headache, changes in behavior, consciousness, muscle strength or senses (sensitivity, vision, hearing, taste, smell), as well as pain in spine, with or without radiation to members.